Why is coolant used in machining operations?

Coolant plays a crucial role in machining operations primarily by reducing heat and friction during the cutting process. As materials are machined, the cutting tool generates significant heat due to the friction between the tool and the workpiece. This heat can lead to tool wear, thermal expansion of the workpiece, and decreased machining accuracy. The use of coolant helps to dissipate this heat, maintaining an optimal temperature and enabling smoother cutting conditions.

Additionally, the coolant can also reduce friction at the cutting interface, which not only assists in preventing overheating but also facilitates a more efficient cutting action. By minimizing friction, the cutting tool can operate more effectively, leading to better quality finishes and potentially longer tool life. Overall, the primary function of coolant in this context is to manage heat and friction, which is essential for efficient machining and to ensure the performance and durability of both the tools and the workpieces being machined.