Which are the two main categories of CNC programming languages?

The two main categories of CNC programming languages are G-code and M-code. G-code, or geometric code, is primarily used for defining the movement and operations for CNC machines. It instructs the machine on where to move, how fast to move, and what path to follow during the machining process. Common G-code commands include those for linear and circular interpolation, tool changes, and setting the feed rate, allowing precise control over the machining tasks.

M-code, or miscellaneous code, is used to control the non-geometric aspects of CNC operations. This includes commands for functions such as turning on and off the spindle, controlling coolant flow, and executing other machine-specific tasks. M-codes are essential for ensuring that the CNC machine operates smoothly and efficiently, managing operations that support the main machining process defined by G-code.

While other options like P-code, A-code, and their counterparts do not represent standard classifications within CNC programming, understanding G-code and M-code's roles provides a strong foundation for anyone working in CNC machining. This distinction highlights the importance of both geometric and non-geometric instructions in achieving accurate and effective machining operations.