In machining, what is the primary purpose of using cutting fluids?

The primary purpose of using cutting fluids in machining is to reduce friction and heat during the cutting process. When metal is machined, the tools and the workpiece generate significant heat due to friction. High temperatures can lead to thermal damage, decrease tool life, and negatively affect the surface finish of the machined part. Cutting fluids serve multiple functions, including cooling the cutting area, lubricating the interface between the tool and the workpiece, and washing away chips and debris. By minimizing friction, cutting fluids help maintain optimal cutting conditions, leading to improved efficiency, surface quality, and tool longevity.